These conditions are associated with uncontrollable spasm of the muscles around the eyes and of the face causing blinking and twitching. The frequency and severity of the spasm may vary from patient to patient and occasionally may result in complete eye closure or facial distortion. Once other possible diagnoses for these symptoms have been excluded by examination and investigations, treatment with Botulinum Toxin Injections can be considered. Treatment involves injecting small quantities of botulinum toxin into the affected muscles thereby relaxing them and reducing the spasm. Depending on the severity of the spasm and the dose used, the effects last usually between 3 to 6 months and treatment can be repeated essentially indefinitely. Treatment cost including the cost of the agent is not considered to be cosmetic therapy and part of the cost may be rebateable through Medicare (Australia).